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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/0869-7493.2024.33.03.11-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-1377</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ВЕЩЕСТВ И МАТЕРИАЛОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SAFETY OF SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Многофакторная количественная оптимизация огнезащитной эффективности интумесцентных огнезащитных материалов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Multifactorial quantitative optimization of fire protection efficiency of intumescent fire retardant materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3366-6300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>КУЗНЕЦОВА Дарья Алексеевна, младший научный сотрудник, кафедра химической технологии и новых материалов, химический факультет</p><p>119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, 1, стр. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. KUZNETSOVA, Junior Researcher, Chair of Chemical Technology and New Materials, Department of Chemistry</p><p> Leninskie Gory, 1, Bldg. 11, 119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ku.znetsova.daria@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2232-8192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яшин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yashin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ЯШИН Николай Владимирович, д-р хим. наук, старший научный сотрудник, кафедра химической технологии и новых материалов, химический факультет</p><p>119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, 1, стр. 11</p><p>Scopus: 6602800878, ResearcherID: D-8087-2015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. YASHIN, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Senior Researcher, Chemical Technology and New Materials, Department of Chemistry</p><p>Leninskie Gory, 1, Bldg. 11, 119234, Moscow</p><p>Scopus: 6602800878, ResearcherID: D-8087-2015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yashin-n@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-2987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>АВДЕЕВ Виктор Васильевич, д-р хим. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой химической технологии и новых материалов, химический факультет</p><p>119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, 1, стр. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor V. AVDEEV, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Professor, Head of Chair of Chemical Technology and New Materials, Department of Chemistry</p><p>Leninskie Gory, 1, Bldg. 11, 119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdeev@highp.chem.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузнецова Д.А., Яшин Н.В., Авдеев В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова Д.А., Яшин Н.В., Авдеев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova D.A., Yashin N.V., Avdeev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1377">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1377</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В качестве средств пассивной огнезащиты широко применяются интумесцентные огнезащитные материалы (ИОМ). Принцип их действия, обеспечивающий повышение огнестойкости конструкции, основан на вспенивании и образовании в условиях огневого воздействия теплоизоляционного пенококсового слоя. Активные исследования, проводимые в данной области, сформулировали общие принципы для формирования ИОМ на основе функциональных компонентов (ФК), отвечающих за огнезащитную функцию покрытий.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Предложить новый системный подход к разработке ИОМ, который позволит учесть количественное влияние всех ФК, входящих в состав ИОМ, и продемонстрировать его эффективность на примере разработки рецептуры водоосновного ИОМ.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология</title><p>Методология. Разработан и описан метод многофакторной количественной оптимизации для повышения огнезащитной эффективности (ОЭ) ИОМ. Оптимизация состава ведется по изменению количественного соотношения входящих в рецептуру ИОМ ФК на выбранный коэффициент варьирования. Оптимизация осуществляется по итера­ционному механизму, позволяющему обнаруживать новые максимумы ОЭ. Каждому этапу соответствует матрица плана, описывающая все возможные комбинации факторов, число которых определяется числом ФК. Для оценки ОЭ и степени завершенности оптимизации проводили огневые испытания в условиях стандартного температурного режима пожара. Метод апробирован на базовой рецептуре ИОМ на основе поливинилацетатной дисперсии и четырех ФК: полифосфата аммония, меламина, пентаэритрита и диоксида титана.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. За два этапа многофакторной количественной оптимизации исследуемая рецептура исследуемого ИОМ достигла своего оптимума по показателю ОЭ. Удалось повысить ОЭ ИОМ с 31 до 45 мин, отмечены качественные улучшения внешнего вида пенококса.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Многофакторный метод оптимизации позволил найти оптимальное соотношение ФК и увеличить ОЭ на 45 % в результате хорошо алгоритмизированных экспериментальных действий. Данный метод оптимизации можно рекомендовать для внедрения в процесс разработки новых ИОМ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Intumescent fire retardant materials (IFRM) are widely used as passive fire protection means. The principle of their action providing increase of fire resistance of a structure is based on foaming and formation of heat-insulating coked cellular material layer under conditions of fire exposure. Active research conducted in this field formulated general principles for the development of IFRM based on functional components (FC) responsible for the fire protection function of coverings. </p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. To propose a new systematic approach to the development of IFRM, which takes into account the quantitative influence of all FC included in the composition of IFRM and to demonstrate its effectiveness on the example of developing the formulation of water-base IFRM.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>Methodology. A method of multifactor quantitative optimization was developed and described to enhance the fire retardant effectiveness (FRE) of IFRM. The optimization of the composition is carried out by changing the quantitative ratio of the FC within the IFRM formulation by a selected coefficient of variation. The optimization is carried out through an iterative mechanism, which allows to detect new maximums of FRE. Each stage corresponds to a design matrix describing all possible combinations of FC, the number of which is determined by the number of FC. To assess the maximum FRE and the progress of optimization, fire tests were conducted under standard fire temperature conditions. The method was validated on a base IFRM formulation based on polyvinyl acetate dispersion and four FC: ammonium polyphosphate, melamine, pentaerythritol, and titanium dioxide. </p><p>Results and its discussion. Through two stages of multifactor quantitative optimization, the investigated formulation of the IFRM achieved its optimum in terms of FRE. The FRE of the IFPM was increased from 31 to 45 minutes, accompanied by qualitative improvements in the appearance of the coked cellular material.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The multifactor optimization method allowed to find the optimal ratio of the FC and to increase the FRE by 45 % as a result of well-structured experimental procedures. This optimization method is recommended for implementation in the development process of new IFRM. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интумесцентные покрытия</kwd><kwd>пенококс</kwd><kwd>степень расширения</kwd><kwd>полифосфат аммония</kwd><kwd>антипирены</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intumescent coverings</kwd><kwd>coked cellular material</kwd><kwd>degree of expansion</kwd><kwd>ammonium polyphosphate</kwd><kwd>flame retardants</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках проектов (договоров): АААА-А21-121011590086-0 и №202/23 от 01.02.23.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of projects (contracts): AAAAA-A21-121011590086-0 and No.202/23 dated 02.01.2013.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zybina O., Gravit M. 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