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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/0869-7493.2024.33.02.42-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-1353</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ, ЧИСЛЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ И КОМПЛЕКСЫ ПРОГРАММ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL MODELING, NUMERICAL METHODS AND PROGRAM COMPLEXES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Численное моделирование задымления помещений при пожаре с учетом различных типов пожарной нагрузки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Numerical modelling of smoke condition of premises in case of fire taking into account different types of fire load</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-1339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пузач</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Puzach</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ПУЗАЧ Сергей Викторович, д-р техн. наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, заведующий кафедрой инженерной теплофизики и гидравлики</p><p>129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4</p><p>ResearcherID: U-2907-2019, Scopus: 7003537835</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. PUZACH, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, the Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of Thermal Physics and Hydraulic Department</p><p>Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366</p><p>ResearcherID: U-2907-2019, Scopus: 7003537835</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">puzachsv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-086X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калмыков</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalmykov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>КАЛМЫКОВ Сергей Петрович, канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры пожарной безопасности в строительстве</p><p>129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 758175, ResearcherID: B-5446-2016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. KALMYKOV, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of Fire Safety in Construction Department</p><p>Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366</p><p>RISC AuthorID: 758175, ResearcherID: B-5446-2016</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_sp@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия Государственной противопожарной службы Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>the State Fire Academy of the Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination on Consequences of Natural Disasters</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия Государственной противопожарной службы Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>the State Fire Aca­demy of the Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination on Consequences of Natural Disasters</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пузач С.В., Калмыков С.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пузач С.В., Калмыков С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Puzach S.V., Kalmykov S.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1353">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1353</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Согласно действующим методическим рекомендациям в области проектирования и расчета параметров систем противодымной защиты зданий и сооружений как в России, так и других странах для определения расхода выделяющегося при пожаре дыма в помещениях, который необходимо удалять системами вытяжной противодымной вентиляции, применяются зависимости, основанные на тепловой мощности очага пожара. На процесс задымления помещения и его скорость при пожаре, кроме низшей теплоты сгорания и удельной скорости выгорания, могут повлиять такие характеристики пожарной нагрузки, как дымообразу­ющая способность, выход токсичных продуктов горения и т.п.</p></sec><sec><title>Цели и задачи</title><p>Цели и задачи. Целью работы является проверка предположения о влиянии характеристик пожарной нагрузки, не входящих в величину тепловой мощности очага пожара, на процесс задымления помещения.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы исследования</title><p>Методы исследования. Для оценки задымленности помещений при пожаре с учетом различных типов пожарной нагрузки применялись методы компьютерного моделирования при помощи программного комплекса ­­Fire Dynamics Simulator.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. Представлены результаты моделирования динамики дальности видимости, температуры и плотности дыма в помещениях площадью 100 и 200 м2 при пожаре с учетом различных типов пожарной нагрузки, участвующей в горении.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Качественные отличия времени от начала пожара до потери видимости, динамики оптической плотности дымогазовоздушной среды, а также отличия площади задымления помещений свидетельствуют о существенной дифференцированности процесса задымления помещений в зависимости от свойств горючей нагрузки, участвующей в пожаре.</p><p>Выявленное влияние характеристик пожарной нагрузки, не входящих в величину тепловой мощности очага пожара, на процесс задымления помещения требует проведения дополнительных исследований по оценке эффективности работы систем дымоудаления из помещений с учетом результатов, полученных в настоящей статье.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. According to the current methodological recommendations in the field of design and calculation of parameters of smoke protection systems for buildings and structures, both in Russia and other countries, to determine the flow rate of smoke emitted during a fire in the premises, which must be removed by exhaust smoke ventilation systems, dependencies based on the thermal power of the fireplace are used fire. The process of smoke formation in a room and its rate during a fire, in addition to the lower calorific value and specific burnout rate, can be affected by such characteristics of the fire load as smoke-forming ability, the release of toxic combustion products, etc.</p></sec><sec><title>Goals and objectives</title><p>Goals and objectives. The purpose of the work is to verify the assumption about the influence of fire load cha­racteristics, which are not included in the value of the thermal power of the fire centre, on the process of smoke formation in the room.</p></sec><sec><title>Research methods</title><p>Research methods. To assess the smoke content of premises during a fire, taking into account various types of fire load, computer modelling methods were used using the Fire Dynamics Simulator software package.</p><p>Results and its discussion. The results of modelling the dynamics of temperature, density and smoke visibility in rooms with an area of 100 and 200 m2 during a fire are presented, taking into account various types of fire load involved in combustion.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Qualitative differences in the time from the beginning of the fire to the loss of visibility, the dynamics of the optical density of the smoke-gas-air environment, as well as differences in the area of smoke in the premises indicate a significant differentiation of the process of smoke in the premises depending on the properties of the combustible load involved in the fire.</p><p>The identified influence of the characteristics of the fire load, which are not included in the thermal power of the fire source, on the process of smoke formation in the premises requires additional research to assess the efficiency of smoke removal systems from the premises, taking into account the results obtained in this paper.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дым</kwd><kwd>оптическая плотность дыма</kwd><kwd>опасные факторы пожара</kwd><kwd>дальность видимости</kwd><kwd>расход дыма</kwd><kwd>противодымная вентиляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>smoke</kwd><kwd>smoke optical density</kwd><kwd>fire hazards</kwd><kwd>smoke visibility</kwd><kwd>smoke flow rate</kwd><kwd>smoke ventilation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Батчер Е., Парнэлл А. 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