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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.04.56-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-1140</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ЖИЗНЕДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LIFE SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние размеров ячеек вычислительной сетки и неоднородности вычислительной области на расчетное время обнаружения пожара</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of computational grid cell size and heterogeneity of computing area for estimated fire detection time</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-086X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калмыков</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalmykov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>КАЛМЫКОВ Сергей Петрович, канд. техн. наук, старший преподаватель кафедры пожарной безопасности в строительстве</p><p>129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 758175</p><p>ResearcherID: B-5446-2016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. KALMYKOV, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Lecturer of Fire Safety in Construction Department</p><p>Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366</p><p>ID RISC: 758175</p><p>ResearcherID: B-5446-2016</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_sp@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия Государственной противопожарной службы Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The State Fire Academy of the Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination on Consequences of Natural Disasters</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калмыков С.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калмыков С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalmykov S.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1140">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1140</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В России, исходя из положений действующих нормативных документов, время начала эвакуации для помещения, в котором возник пожар, определяется в зависимости от его площади. По мнению некоторых авторов, время начала эвакуации людей является совокупностью «технической», в которую входит время обнаружения пожара, и «психофизической», определяемой поведенческими и организационными особенностями людей. Время обнаружения пожара в настоящее время при этом не учитывается.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка влияния размеров ячеек вычислительной сетки и неоднородности вычислительной области на расчетное время обнаружения пожара.</p></sec><sec><title>Задачи</title><p>Задачи. 1. Установить качественный характер влияния размеров ячеек вычислительной сетки и неоднородности вычислительной области на расчетное время обнаружения пожара.</p></sec><sec><title>2</title><p>2. Предложить рекомендации по определению расчетного времени обнаружения пожара.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Для исследований применялись методы компьютерного моделирования при помощи программного комплекса Fire Dynamics Simulator.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. Применение сеток с различными размерами ячеек позволяет значительно сократить количество ячеек в вычислительной области и, как следствие, время вычислений. Однако это приводит к достаточно противоречивым результатам. Минимальные значения времени сокращаются почти в 3–4 раза по сравнению с однородной расчетной сеткой, а максимальное увеличивается в 2 раза.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. 1. Размеры ячеек вычислительной сетки и неоднородность вычислительной области оказывают значительное влияние на время обнаружения пожара.</p></sec><sec><title>2</title><p>2. Достаточно большой разброс значений расчетного времени обнаружения пожара может свидетельствовать о недостоверной оценке в целом времени начала эвакуации и получении некорректных выводов о безопасной эвакуации людей и/или о вероятности эвакуации людей.</p></sec><sec><title>3</title><p>3. Для корректной оценки времени начала эвакуации, принимаемого с учетом расчетного времени обнаружения пожара, рекомендуется использовать однородные вычислительные сетки с размерами ячеек, не превышающими 0,25 м.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In Russia, based on the provisions of the current regulatory documents, the time for the start of evacuation for a room in which a fire broke out is determined depending on the area of the room. According to some authors, the time of the start of the evacuation of people is a combination of “technical”, which includes the time of detection of a fire, and “psychophysical”, determined by the behavioral and organizational characteristics of the people who make it up. The fire detection time is currently not taken into account.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. Evaluation of the influence of the size of the cells of the computational grid and the inhomogeneity of the computational domain on the estimated time of fire detection.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims. 1. Establish the qualitative nature of the influence of the size of the cells of the computational grid and the inhomogeneity of the computational domain on the estimated time of fire detection.</p></sec><sec><title>2</title><p>2. Offer recommendations for determining the estimated time of fire detection.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. For research, computer simulation methods were used using the Fire Dynamics Simulator software package.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The use of grids with different cell sizes can significantly reduce the number of cells in the computational domain and, as a result, the computation time. However, this leads to rather contradictory results. The minimum time values are reduced by almost 3–4 times compared to a homogeneous computational grid, and the maximum time increases by 2 times.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. 1. The size of the cells of the computational grid and the inhomogeneity of the computational domain have a significant impact on the time of fire detection.</p></sec><sec><title>2</title><p>2. A sufficiently large spread in the values of the estimated fire detection time may indicate an unreliable estimate of the total time for the start of evacuation and incorrect conclusions about the safe evacuation of people and/or the probability of evacuation of people.</p></sec><sec><title>3</title><p>3. For a correct estimate of the evacuation start time, taken into account the estimated fire detection time, it is recommended to use homogeneous computational grids with cell sizes not exceeding 0.25 m.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>время эвакуации</kwd><kwd>вероятность эвакуации</kwd><kwd>пожарный риск</kwd><kwd>оптическая плотность дыма</kwd><kwd>противопожарная защита</kwd><kwd>пожарная безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>evacuation time</kwd><kwd>evacuation probability</kwd><kwd>fire risk</kwd><kwd>smoke optical density</kwd><kwd>fire protection</kwd><kwd>fire safety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калмыков С.П., Есин В.М. Время обнаружения очага пожара // Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety. 2017. Т. 26. № 11. С. 52–63. 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