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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.04.38-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-1139</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ЖИЗНЕДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LIFE SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование времени начала эвакуации людей в жилых многоэтажных зданиях без систем оповещения о пожаре</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Researches of the pre-evacuation time of people in residential multi-storey buildings without fire warning systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-0349</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самошин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoshin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>САМОШИН Дмитрий Александрович, д-р техн. наук, профессор, начальник учебно-научного комплекса пожарной безопасности объектов защиты</p><p>129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 766965</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 23482846200</p><p>ResearcherID: ABF-9565-2021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy A. SAMOSHIN, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of the Educational and Scientific Complex of Fire Safety of Objects of Protection</p><p>Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366</p><p>ID RISC: 766965</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 23482846200</p><p>ResearcherID: ABF-9565-2021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inbox-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8554-3789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Истратов</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Istratov</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ИСТРАТОВ Роман Николаевич, канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры пожарной безопасности в строительстве (в составе учебно-научного комплекса пожарной безопасности объектов защиты)</p><p>129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 771510</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57189760362</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman N. ISTRATOV, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of Fire Safety in Construction Department</p><p>Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366</p><p>ID RISC: 771510</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57189760362</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">istr.roman@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4488-8657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаранова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharanova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ШАРАНОВА Милена Михайловна, инспектор группы профилактики пожаров</p><p>141401, Московская область, г. Химки, улица Бурденко, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milena M. SHARANOVA, Inspector of the Fire Prevention Group</p><p>Burdenko St., 3, Khimki, Moscow region, 141401</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">milena.s94@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-9518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочетыгов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochetygov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>КОЧЕТЫГОВ Владимир Анатольевич, старший научный сотрудник учебно-научного комплекса пожарной безопасностиобъектов защиты</p><p>129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 1155883</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. KOCHETYGOV, Senior Researcher of the Educational and Scientific Complex of Fire Safety of Objects of Protection</p><p>Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366</p><p>ID RISC: 1155883</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kochetygov65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5661-929X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ТОМИН Сергей Витальевич, канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры пожарной безопасности в строительстве (в составе учебно-научного комплекса пожарной безопасности объектов защиты)</p><p>129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 768847</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. TOMIN, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of Fire Safety in Construction Department</p><p>Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366</p><p>ID RISC: 768847</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tominfireexpert@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-0438</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ФРОЛОВ Алексей Геннадьевич, старший преподаватель кафедры пожарной безопасности в строительстве (в составе учебно-научного комплекса пожарной безопасности объектов защиты)</p><p>129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 767202</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey G. FROLOV, Senior Lecturer of Fire Safety in Construction Department</p><p>Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366</p><p>ID RISC: 767202</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">frolovagen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия Государственной противопожарной службы Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The State Fire Academy of the Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination on Consequences of Natural Disasters</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Специальная пожарно-спасательная часть № 14 Специального отдела № 6 Специального управления федеральной противопожарной службы № 3 Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Special Fire and Rescue Department No. 14 of the Special Department No. 6 of the Special Directorate of the Federal Fire Service No. 3 of the Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination on Consequences of Natural Disasters</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Самошин Д.А., Истратов Р.Н., Шаранова М.М., Кочетыгов В.А., Томин С.В., Фролов А.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самошин Д.А., Истратов Р.Н., Шаранова М.М., Кочетыгов В.А., Томин С.В., Фролов А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samoshin D.A., Istratov R.N., Sharanova M.M., Kochetygov V.A., Tomin S.V., Frolov A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1139">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1139</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Согласно статистике, наибольшая гибель людей от пожаров в России происходит в жилых зданиях высотой не более 28 м. При этом большинство систем противопожарной защиты в них не предусматриваются. В частности, в жилых домах вышеуказанной высоты может отсутствовать система пожарной сигнализации. Реальные значения времени начала эвакуации (tнэ) в таких зданиях неизвестны, поскольку отечественных исследований в них до настоящего времени не проводилось.</p></sec><sec><title>Цели и задачи</title><p>Цели и задачи. Целью работы было установление значений tнэ людей в жилом доме, не оборудованном системой пожарной сигнализации. Основными задачами являются изучение времени оповещения жильцов о пожаре и исследование времени реакции людей на сигнал о пожаре.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Методом научного исследования в данной работе является натурный эксперимент. В первой серии экспериментов основное внимание уделялось времени оповещения — было исследовано, сколько времени потребуется, чтобы оповестить всех жильцов здания с помощью одного, двух и трех оповещающих. Вторая серия экспериментов была направлена на изучение времени реакции людей на сигнал о пожаре — определялось, сколько времени понадобится людям, чтобы начать эвакуацию из своих квартир.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. Исследования показали, что средние значения времени оповещения девятиэтажного здания одним, двумя и тремя оповещающими составили 20,0, 11,6 и 7,2 мин соответственно. На основе полученных данных была построена математическая модель, позволяющая спрогнозировать оптимальное количество оповещающих в зависимости от этажности здания.</p><p>Исследования времени реакции людей на сигнал о пожаре показали, что в дневное время в среднем людям требуется меньше времени на осознание и подготовку к эвакуации (72 с), чем в ночное (112 с).</p><p>Объединение полученных результатов позволило определить оптимальное количество оповещающих для проведения оповещения всех людей в жилом здании.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Сравнение экспериментальных значений tнэ с данными действующей Методики расчета пожарного риска для девятиэтажного дома показало расхождение в 2,6 раза.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. According to statistics, the greatest loss of life from fires in Russia occurs in residential buildings with a height up to 28 m. At the same time, most fire protection systems are not provided in such type of buildings. In particular, in residential buildings of mentioned above height fire alarm system maybe not. That is why the real values of the pre-evacuation time (PET) in the buildings are not known, because domestic research still has not been conducted.</p></sec><sec><title>Goals and objectives</title><p>Goals and objectives. The aim of the work was to establish the values of the PET of people in a residential building that is not equipped with a fire alarm system.</p><p>The main tasks were to study the time to warn building occupants about a fire and to research the time of people’s reaction to a fire warning.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The method of scientific research in this work is a full-scale experiment. In the first set of experiments focus were on warning time — it was investigated how much time it took to warn all building occupants by 1, 2 and 3 notifiers. The second set of experiments were aimed to study of people’s reaction time to a fire alarm — it was determined how long it took to start evacuating from their apartments.</p><p>Results and their discussion. Studies have shown that the value of the alert time of a nine-storey building by one, two and three notifiers averaged was 20.0, 11.6 and 7.2 min, respectively. Based on the data obtained, a mathematical model was built that allows predicting the optimal number of notifiers depending on the number of storeys in the building. Studies of people’s reaction time to a fire alarm have shown that during the daytime, on average, people need less time to realize and prepare for evacuation (72 s) than at night (112 s). Combining the results obtained allowed us to determine the optimal number of notifiers to warn all people in residential building.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Comparison of the experimental values of the PET with the data of the current Methodology of fire risk calculation for a nine-storey house showed a discrepancy of 2.6 times.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>подготовка к эвакуации</kwd><kwd>система пожарной сигнализации</kwd><kwd>поведение людей</kwd><kwd>время оповещения о пожаре</kwd><kwd>этаж</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preparation for evacuation</kwd><kwd>fire alarm system</kwd><kwd>human behavior</kwd><kwd>fire warning time</kwd><kwd>storey</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Холщевников В.В., Самошин Д.А., Парфененко А.П., Кудрин И.С., Истратов Р.Н., Белосохов И.Р. Эвакуация и поведение людей при пожарах. 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