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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.02.22-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-1101</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ВЕЩЕСТВ И МАТЕРИАЛОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SAFETY OF SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Совершенствование методологического подхода к оценке пожарной опасности матрацев</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Improvement of a methodological approach to assessing the fire hazard of mattresses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-0698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константинова Наталия Ивановна, д-р техн. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 774306</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya I. Konstantinova, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>ID RISC: 774306</p><p>VNIIPO, 12, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143903</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">konstantinova_n@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-2058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубань</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuban</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зубань Андрей Владимирович, канд. техн. наук, начальник отдела</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 774306; Scopus Author ID: 55847911600; Researcher ID: AAB-9575-2019</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Zuban, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Deputy Head of Department</p><p>ID RISC: 774306; Scopus Author ID: 55847911600; Researcher ID: AAB-9575-2019</p><p>VNIIPO, 12, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143903</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avzuban@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-2548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булгакова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulgakova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Булгакова Алла Александровна, директор</p><p>Московская область, г. Королев, пр-т Космонавтов, 17А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla A. Bulgakova, Director</p><p>Prospekt Kosmonavtov, 17А, Korolev, Moscow Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">metronom_aa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский ордена «Знак Почета» научно-исследовательский институт противопожарной обороны Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр сертификации и исследований «Метроном»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Non-Commercial Organization “Certification and Research Center “Metronom”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Константинова Н.И., Зубань А.В., Булгакова А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Константинова Н.И., Зубань А.В., Булгакова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Konstantinova N.I., Zuban A.V., Bulgakova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1101">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1101</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Среди легковоспламеняемых материалов, находящихся в помещениях жилых и общественных зданий, значительную долю занимают текстильные материалы и изделия (мягкая мебель, шторы, занавеси, постельные принадлежности, предметы декора и пр.), они в большой степени влияют при горении на скорость распространения пожара и образование его опасных факторов, поэтому вопросы совершенствования требований, регламентирующих пожаробезопасное их применение, являются весьма актуальными.</p></sec><sec><title>Проблематика вопроса</title><p>Проблематика вопроса. В настоящее время в России документом, регламентирующим пожарную безопасность мебельной продукции, является ТР ТС 025/2012 «О безопасности мебельной продукции». Однако отличия по процедуре испытаний и критериям оценки в указанных к нему стандартах не всегда позволяют объективно оценить воспламеняемость мягкой мебели и прогнозировать ее поведение при пожаре. Также отсутствует метод оценки воспламеняемости матрацев, а используемый в настоящее время метод испытаний ГОСТ Р 53294–2009 (п. 5) не может дать корректную ее оценку, что искажает полученные результаты. Целью настоящей работы являлись аналитические исследования зарубежной нормативной базы пожаробезопасного применения мягких элементов мебели в общественном и жилом секторе, экспериментальная оценка параметров воспламеняемости материалов и мягких мебельных композиций, а также разработка предложений по усовершенствованию методологического подхода к оценке пожарной опасности и применению матрацев в общественном и жилом секторе.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. На основе аналитических исследований установлено, что за рубежом существует достаточно развитая нормативно-методологическая база, в определенной степени обеспечивающая пожаробезопасное применение предметов мягкой мебели в жилых и общественных помещениях зданий и сооружений.</p><p>Проведены сравнительные экспериментальные исследования оценки воспламеняемости различных композиционных сочетаний матрацев и элементов мягкой мебели методами ГОСТ Р 53294–2009 (п.п. 4 и 5), позволившие выявить значительные расхождения в результатах испытаний композиций, что объясняется разницей в условиях теплового воздействия при испытании.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Необходимо разработать и ввести в отечественную нормативную практику стандартный метод испытаний матрацев на воспламеняемость. Установить требования, ограничивающие применение легко воспламеняемых мягких мебельных элементов в местах с массовым пребыванием людей для снижения возможности распространения пожара при их возгорании и образовании опасных факторов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Textile materials and products (upholstered furniture, curtains, bedding, decorative items, etc.) are among the most flammable materials in residential and public buildings. They largely affect the fire propagation speed and formation of dangerous fire factors in combustion. Therefore, the issues of improving the requirements governing their fire-safe use are particularly relevant.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims and purposes</title><p>Aims and purposes. Presently, the fire safety of furniture products is regulated by the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 025/2012 «On safety of furniture products» in Russia. However, differences in testing procedures and evaluation criteria, demonstrated by the applicable standards, do not always allow objectively assessing the flammability of upholstered furniture products and predicting their behaviour in case of fire. There is also no method for assessing the flammability of mattresses, and the currently used testing method, set by GOST R 53294–2009 (p. 5) cannot ensure a correct assessment and, hence, it results are distorted. The purpose of this work is to conduct an analytical study on foreign regulatory frameworks for the fire-safe use of upholstered furniture elements in public and residential buildings, to make an experimental assessment of the flammability parameters of materials and upholstered furniture, as well as develop proposals for improving the methodological approach to the fire hazard assessment and the use of mattresses in public and residential buildings.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The analytical studies have proven that fairly developed regulatory and methodological frameworks are in effect abroad. They ensure the fire-safe use of items of upholstered furniture on the premises of residential and public buildings and structures. Comparative experimental studies were conducted to assess the flammability of various composite combinations of mattresses and upholstered elements of furniture using GOST R 53294–2009 methods (p. 4 and 5), which identified large discrepancies between the test results due to the difference in the conditions of the thermal exposure in the course of testing.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. It is necessary to develop and introduce a standard method of testing the flammability of mattresses into the domestic regulatory practice. It is advisable to set the requirements limiting the use of flammable elements of upholstered furniture in places of the mass presence of people to reduce fire propagation in case of ignition and formation of dangerous factors.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мягкая мебельная продукция</kwd><kwd>воспламеняемость</kwd><kwd>требования пожаробезопасного применения</kwd><kwd>скорость распространения пожара</kwd><kwd>опасные факторы пожара</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>upholstered furniture products</kwd><kwd>flammability</kwd><kwd>requirements of fire-safe use</kwd><kwd>fire propagation speed</kwd><kwd>fire hazards</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полехин П.В., Чебуханов М.А., Козлов А.А., Фирсов А.Г., Сибирко В.И., Гончаренко В.С. и др. 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