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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.01.77-87</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-1077</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ЗДАНИЙ, СООРУЖЕНИЙ, ОБЪЕКТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SAFETY OF BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, OBJECTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распространение пожара из открытой автостоянки, расположенной на первом этаже жилого здания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The spread of fire from an open car park on the ground floor of a residential building</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5659-0746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасанов</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasanov</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хасанов Ирек Равильевич, д-р техн. наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 157014; Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://publons.com/researcher/T-4177-2017/" ext-link-type="uri">T-4177-2017</ext-link></p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, 12</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irek R. Khasanov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Chief Researcher</p><p>ID RISC: 157014; Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://publons.com/researcher/T-4177-2017/" ext-link-type="uri">T-4177-2017</ext-link></p><p>VNIIPO, 12, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143903</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irhas@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4498-3021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зуев Станислав Анатольевич, канд. техн. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 328576</p><p>Россия, 143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav A. Zuev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher</p><p>VNIIPO, 12, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143903</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k708@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-3257</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абашкин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abashkin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абашкин Александр Анатольевич, начальник отдела</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 157014</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Abashkin, Head of Department</p><p>ID RISC: 157014</p><p>VNIIPO, 12, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143903</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k708@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9551-0569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuevа</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зуева Анна Станиславовна, научный сотрудник</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 157014</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Zuevа, Researcher</p><p>ID RISC: 157014</p><p>VNIIPO, 12, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143903</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k708@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский ордена «Знак Почета» научно-исследовательский институт противопожарной обороны Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хасанов И.Р., Зуев С.А., Абашкин А.А., Зуева А.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хасанов И.Р., Зуев С.А., Абашкин А.А., Зуева А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khasanov I.R., Zuev S.A., Abashkin A.A., Zuevа A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1077">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1077</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проблема размещения автостоянок и парковочных мест актуальна во многих крупных городах, что приводит к необходимости оптимизации парковочного пространства. Одним из эффективных путей организации парковок на придомовой территории, помимо встроенных закрытых автостоянок, является устройство открытой парковки в первых этажах многоквартирных жилых домов. В связи с этим для оценки пожарной опасности такого проектного решения необходимо исследовать возможность распространения пожара из открытой автостоянки в первом этаже на вышележащие этажи и разработать обоснованные предложения по внедрению новых и оптимизации существующих противопожарных требований.</p></sec><sec><title>Цели и задачи</title><p>Цели и задачи. Целью настоящей работы является изучение особенностей распространения опасных факторов пожара на основе полевого моделирования при горении автомобилей в открытой автостоянке на первом этаже многоквартирного жилого дома и оценка возможности пожаробезопасного размещения таких автостоянок в жилых зданиях.</p></sec><sec><title>Методика</title><p>Методика. Для достижения цели исследования использовалось полевое (CFD) моделирование динамики пожара с использованием компьютерной программы FDS. При моделировании проведены расчеты распространения опасных факторов пожара из открытой автостоянки на 1-м этаже на вышележащие этажи жилого дома.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. В результате моделирования развития пожара в автостоянке были получены распределения температур, задымления и тепловых потоков в различные моменты времени. Результаты расчетов позволили оценить эффективность применения различных видов противопожарных барьеров и определить их параметры для выполнения условия нераспространения пожара. В качестве наиболее оптимального решения определено устройство над проемом автостоянки негорючего козырька из огнестойких материалов. По результатам работы предложен комплекс необходимых противопожарных мероприятий, обеспечивающих возможность безопасного размещения открытых автостоянок легковых автомобилей в многоквартирных жилых зданиях.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Исследование показало, что обеспечение пожарной безопасности многоквартирных жилых домов при размещении открытых одноуровневых автостоянок легковых автомобилей достигается путем применения огнестойких несущих и ограждающих строительных конструкций здания, использования негорючих материалов для облицовки, отделки фасада здания, а также устройства над проемами автостоянки выступающего из плоскости стены козырька, балкона или галереи.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The problem of car parks and parking spaces is relevant in many large cities, and it requiresthe optimization of parking spaces. The arrangement of open car parks on the ground floors of apartment buil­dings is an effective way to organize car parks in a house in addition to covered parking lots. In this regard, in order to assess the fire hazard of such a design solution, it is necessary to study the spreadability of fire from an open ground floor parking lot to upper floors and develop reasonable proposals for the development of new and optimization of effective fire safety requirements.</p></sec><sec><title>Goals and objectives</title><p>Goals and objectives. The goal of this work is to study the spread of fire hazards using the field modeling of the car burning process in an open parking lot on the ground floor of an apartment building and to assess the possibility of the fire safe arrangement of such parking lots in residential buildings.</p></sec><sec><title>Method</title><p>Method. To achieve the purpose of the study, the field (CFD) modeling of the fire development pattern was performed using FDS computer software. In the course of modeling, the authors analyzed the spread of the fire hazard from an open parking lot, located on the ground floor, to the upper floors of a residential building.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Temperature distributions, smoke and heat flows at various points in time were obtained as a result of modeling the development of fire in a parking lot. The results of calculations allowed to evaluate the effectiveness of various types of fire barriers and determine their parameters to meet the condition of the non-proliferation of fire. The most optimal solution is a non-combustible visor made of fire-resistant materials and installed above the opening leading to a parking lot. Given the results of the work, a set of necessary fire-figh­ting actions are proposed to ensure the possibility of arranging open parking lots in residential apartment buildings.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. It is shown that the fire safety of residential apartment buildings that have open single-level parking lots is achievable in case of the use of fire-resistant bearing and enclosing building structures, non-combustible materials for cladding, finishing the facade of a building, as well as in the case of making a canopy, a balcony or a gallery above the opening that leads to the parking lot.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полевое моделирование</kwd><kwd>опасные факторы пожара</kwd><kwd>встроенные автостоянки</kwd><kwd>предотвращение распространения пожара</kwd><kwd>противопожарные барьеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>field modeling</kwd><kwd>fire hazards</kwd><kwd>covered parking lots</kwd><kwd>fire prevention</kwd><kwd>fire barriers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дуванова И.А., Симанкина Т.Л. 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