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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.01.65-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-1075</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка несущей способности гнездовых контактов розетки при экспертизе пожаров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the bearing capacity of socket contacts within  the framework of a fire investigation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4605-9668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недобитков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedobitkov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Недобитков Александр Игнатьевич, канд. техн. наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>070014, г. Усть-Каменогорск, ул. Серикбаева, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr I. Nedobitkov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Research</p><p>Serikbayeva St., 19, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 070014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.nedobitkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-7599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдеев</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdeyev</surname><given-names>B. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдеев Борис Масгутович, канд. техн. наук, профессор «Школы архитектуры, строительства и дизайна»</p><p>070014, г. Усть-Каменогорск, ул. Серикбаева, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris M. Abdeyev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of Architectural and Civil Engineering Department</p><p>Serikbayeva St., 19, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 070014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.abdeeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Восточно-Казахстанский технический университет им. Д. Серикбаева</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Недобитков А.И., Абдеев Б.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Недобитков А.И., Абдеев Б.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nedobitkov A.I., Abdeyev B.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1075">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1075</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Приведенные в статье данные свидетельствуют, что проблема повышения пожарной безопас­ности при эксплуатации розеток очень актуальна. Целью статьи является разработка научно-обоснованного метода исследования гнездовых контактов розетки, имеющих признаки большого переходного сопротивления или изменение геометрической формы, для установления причины повреждения в ходе пожарно-технической экспертизы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методика</title><p>Материалы и методика. Исследования проводились с использованием растрового электронного микроскопа JSM-6390LV с приставкой для энергодисперсионного микроанализа. Объектами исследования являлись розетки типа С (EU Type C) и типа F (EU Type F). Поверхности разрушения контактов розетки подвергались анализу без предварительной пробоподготовки.</p><p>Теоретические основы (теория и расчеты). Разработана физико-математическая модель предельной несу­щей способности гнездового контакта розетки, соответствующая реальной конструкции, и на этой основе сформулирован расчетно-практический алгоритм экспертного анализа ее механико-геометрических характеристик. Решение доведено до простых расчетных формул, позволяющих оценивать несущую способность контактов розетки. На конкретном примере показана применимость разработанной математической модели для проведения пожарно-технической экспертизы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Приведены примеры возгораний розеток, возникновение которых обусловлено утратой несущей способности гнездового контакта в процессе эксплуатации. Приведены снимки оксидной пленки на поверхности контакта и ее элементный состав. Экспериментальными данными подтверждено, что оплавление контактов и наличие оксидной пленки, обладающей высоким удельным сопротивлением, являются значимыми криминалистическими признаками при установлении причины пожара.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Предложен метод определения несущей способности контактов розетки, на основании которого можно сделать вывод о причастности возгорания розетки к последующему пожару. Приведенные в статье данные могут быть использованы специалистами при экспертном исследовании контактов розеток, изымаемых с мест пожаров, установлении механизма их повреждения и, в конечном счете, причины пожара.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The data, provided in the article, demonstrate the relevance of the socket fire safety improvement in the course of operation. The purpose of the article is to develop a research-backed method of examining the socket contacts that feature high transient resistance or change in shape. The method can be subsequently used to identify causes of damages in a fire investigation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A JSM-6390LV scanning electron microscope with a module designated for the energy dispersive microanalysis is used in the research. The subjects of research are type C (EU Type C) and type F (EU Type F) sockets. The failure surfaces of socket contacts were analyzed without preliminary sample preparation.</p><p>Theoretical fundamentals (theory and calculations). A physical and mathematical model of the limit bearing capacity of socket contacts, similar to the real construction, has been developed. The model serves as the framework for a practical computational algorithm of the expert analysis of mechanical and geometrical characteristics. The solution is reduced to short calculation formulas, that can be used to evaluate the bearing capacity of so­cket contacts. The applicability of the developed mathematical model to fire investigations is proven in a specific ­example.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The authors analyze cases of socket fires, caused by the loss of the bearing capacity of socket contacts in the process of operation. Photos of the oxide film on the contact surface and its elemental composition are provided in the article. The experimental data have proven that the fusion of contacts and the presence of an oxide film, featuring high specific resistivity, are a significant criminalistic evidence that helps to identify causes of fire.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The authors propose a method for the identification of the bearing capacity of socket contacts. The method can be used to determine if a subsequent fire is related to the socket ignition. The information, provided in the article, can be used by specialists in the course of an expert examination of socket contacts withdrawn from the site of the fire to identify the failure mechanisms and, ultimately, causes of fire.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>растровая электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>напряженно-деформированное состояние</kwd><kwd>пожарно-техническая экспертиза</kwd><kwd>розетка</kwd><kwd>контактное давление</kwd><kwd>механическое напряжение</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брушлинский Н.Н., Соколов С.В. Какова «стоимость» пожаров в современном мире? // Пожаро-взрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety. 2020. Т. 29. № 1. С. 79–88. 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