Описаны функции и задачи коммуникационных путей зданий и сооружений лечебных учреждений. Представлены схемы коммуникационных путей в зданиях лечебных учреждений, а также общая схема технологической взаимосвязи между помещениями подготовки результатов обследования человека и последовательности этапов его лечения. Проанализированы основные критерии обеспечения безопасности эвакуации людей при любых условиях эксплуатации зданий, а также критерии комфортности их движения. Приведены характеристики уровней комфортности движения. Сформирована аналитическая таблица состава пациентов различных групп мобильности в отделениях ГБУЗ МО МОНИКИ им. М. Ф. Владимирского. Проведен анализ объемно-планировочных решений зданий комплекса учреждений охраны материнства и детства. Описан процесс начала эвакуации людей из зданий лечебных учреждений. Установлена величина индивидуального пожарного риска для людей, находящихся в зданиях лечебных учреждений. Описаны особенности установления данной величины.
Ensuring the implementation in the projection of numerical values the established safety criteria for people when they are evacuated from health facilities in a fire, during natural emergencies and during daily operation requires a careful analysis of the process of formation of human flows on the original sections of the communication paths of the floor and their further movement. At the same time, it is necessary to eliminate the erroneous interpretation technique of time of the beginning of the evacuation as the moment of simultaneous evacuation of people from the premises, because it leads to an inappropriate reality of overestimating the amount of flows, which does not allow to analyze the fulfillment of safety criteria. This analysis should be carried out taking into account the physical capabilities of people in the buildings of medical institutions and the changes of their emotional state in accordance with the situation. The results of training evacuations from the buildings of medical institutions show extremely limited opportunities for the successful independent evacuation of people with limited physical capabilities (for various reasons) and the necessity of conducting of a large amount of rescue activities by personnel to ensure the safety of people who are unable to evacuate on their own. These results dictate the practical necessity of using elevator systems for evacuation of people at the beginning of a fire, and not only in the normal operation of buildings. This actualizes the development of elevators for independent use by people during a fire with fire-technical characteristics equivalent to elevators for transportation of fire departments. The modern direction of measures, which are increase the fire safety of buildings of medical institutions as editions of other classes of functional fire danger, is connected with the development of modern automatic fire extinguishing and fire protection systems, allowing to increase the time of safe stay of people with any degree of restriction of their physical capabilities, the number of which in recent decades has increased dramatically in the whole world.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.