Проведено теоретическое и экспериментальное исследование различных способов противопожарной защиты железнодорожной цистерны со сжиженными углеводородными газами (СУГ) (предохранительный клапан, вспучивающееся огнезащитное покрытие, тепловая изоляция). Выполнены эксперименты по изучению поведения баллонов с пропаном вместимостью 50 дм3 с указанными выше элементами противопожарной защиты для случая воздействия пламени горящего дизельного топлива. Показано, что наличие предохранительного клапана предотвращает взрыв резервуара с СУГ в очаге пожара, а наличие вспучивающегося огнезащитного покрытия существенно снижает скорость роста давления в нем и тем самым значительно задерживает момент начала работы предохранительного клапана. Наблюдается удовлетворительное согласие экспериментальных данных с расчетными, полученными с помощью разработанной математической модели. Показано, что результаты работы свидетельствуют о перспективности рассмотренных способов противопожарной защиты для предотвращения взрывов резервуаров с СУГ в очаге пожара.
Practice shows that the depressurization of railway tank LPG is observed after 18 to 22 minutes from the moment of entering the fire burning, despite the fact that the walls of the vessels tank have a thickness of about 22-25 mm. The aim of this work was to study the behavior of the model of the vessels tank in the center of combustion by the action of powerful heat flow and the development of means of preventing its destruction. As a rule, to ensure fire safety is used or the method of heat-and-fire protection or discharge gas from the vessel tank. However, of interest is the combination of these methods of fire safety for vessels with LPG. The experimental investigations of various methods for fire protection of vessels with LPG (safety relief valves, intumescent fire retardant coatings, thermal isolation) have been executed. The experiments have been carried out, in order to investigate the behaviour of the vessels of volume of 50 dm3 with LPG at the total fire engulfment. These vessels were equipped with the fire protection tools mentioned above. It has been found that the safety relief valves can prevent explosions of the vessels with LPG at their engulfment by the pool fire even without any other protective measures. The intumescent fire retardant coating or the thermal isolation reduce significantly a pressure rise rate and give the remarkable delay of the time moment when the safety relief valves begin to operate. A reasonably good agreement between the experimental and theoretical data was obtained. It has been revealed that the proposed fire protection tools are promising for prevention of explosions of LPG tanks at their engulfment by fires. Experimental and theoretical studies of the behavior of “non-wetting” shell of LPG tank. It is shown that the presence of the shell of the railway tank fire-retardant coatings can effectively reduce the influence of heat flux on the metal shell of the tank. Investigated experimentally and theoretically field thermal deformation of the metal plate without and with the application of intumescent fire protective coatings. Experiment on effects of heat flow on a metal plate simulated the thermal effect on the dry shell model rail cars. The results indicate the prospects of the considered methods of fire protection to prevent explosions of the LPG tanks fire, in particular, of boilers railway tank cars with LPG.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.